A military funeral is a specially orchestrated funeral A funeral is a ceremony for celebrating, sanctifying, or remembering the life of a deceased person. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember the dead, from the funeral itself, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honor. These customs vary widely between cultures, and given by a country's military A military is an organization authorized to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. As an adjective the term "military" is also used to refer to any property or aspect of a military. Militaries often function as societies within societies, by having their own a soldier A soldier is a member of the land component of national armed forces; whereas a soldier hired for service in a foreign army would be termed a mercenary. In most languages, "soldier" includes commissioned and non-commissioned officers in national land forces, seaman Seaman is one of the lowest ranks in a Navy. In the Commonwealth it is the lowest rank in the Navy, followed by Able Seaman and Leading Seaman, and followed by the Petty Officer ranks, marine Marines (from the English adjective marine, meaning of the sea, from Latin marinus , via French marin(e), of the sea) are military forces similar to the army. Historically the marine forces or marine corps are infantry forces that are part of the country's navy. However, in some countries the marine force or marine corps is under independent or airman Airman is a term used to refer to any person enlisted in the United States Air Force or Other Ranks in the Royal Air Force . "Airman" is capitilized when referring to enlisted members of the United States Air Force. More informally, it can refer to any member of an air force, or to any pilot, aviator, or aircrewman, military or civilian, who died in battle, a veteran A veteran is a person who has had long service or experience in a particular occupation or field; " A veteran of ..." . This page refers to military veterans, i.e., a person who has or is serving in the armed forces, and has direct exposure to acts of military conflict, commonly known as war veterans (although not all military conflicts,, or other prominent military figures or heads of state Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties. A military funeral may feature guards of honor An honor guard, or ceremonial guard, is a ceremonial unit, usually military in nature and composed of volunteers who are carefully screened for their physical ability and dexterity. Only those persons who are highly motivated and maintain exceptionally high standards of appearance and conduct and show aptitude for ceremonial duty are likely to be, the firing of volley shots as a salute, drumming and other military elements, with a flag A flag is a piece of fabric, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used symbolically for signalling or identification. It is most commonly used to symbolize a country. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed by a flag, or to its depiction in another medium draping over the coffin A coffin is a funerary box used in the display and containment of deceased remains – either for burial or cremation. On occasion, deceased soldiers have been accorded military funerals by their enemies.^{[citation needed]}

Contents 1 United States 1.1 Eligibility 1.2 Components 1.3 Flag folding and presentation 1.4 Gallery 2 Worldwide 3 Ramp ceremonies 4 References 5 Further reading 6 Images and sounds 7 External links

United States

See also: State funerals in the United States

In the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language, the United States Army Military District of Washington The United States Army Military District of Washington is one of nineteen major commands of the United States Army. Its headquarters are located at Fort Lesley J. McNair in Washington, D.C. The missions of the units in the Military District of Washington include ceremonial tasks as well as a combat role in the defense of the National Capital (MDW) is responsible for providing military funerals. "Honoring Those Who Served" is the title of the program for instituting a dignified military funeral with full honors to the nation's veterans.

As of January 1, 2000, Section 578 of Public Law 106-65 of the National Defense Authorization Act mandates that the United States Armed Forces The United States armed forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard shall provide the rendering of honors in a military funeral for any eligible veteran if requested by his or her family. As mandated by federal law, an honor guard An honor guard, or ceremonial guard, is a ceremonial unit, usually military in nature and composed of volunteers who are carefully screened for their physical ability and dexterity. Only those persons who are highly motivated and maintain exceptionally high standards of appearance and conduct and show aptitude for ceremonial duty are likely to be detail for the burial of an eligible veteran shall consist of no less than two members of the Armed Forces. One member of the detail shall be a representative of the parent armed service of the deceased veteran. The honor guard detail will, at a minimum, perform a ceremony that includes the folding and presenting of the flag of the United States The national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) to the next of kin In many legal systems, rights regarding inheritance serve a decision making capacity where no clear will or instructions have been given, and the person has no spouse, flow to their closest relative (regardless of the age with a representative appointed if a minor), usually a child, a parent or a sibling. However, there are people without any and the playing of Taps Taps is a famous musical piece, sounded by the U.S. military during flag ceremonies and funerals, generally on bugle or trumpet. The tune is also sometimes known as "Butterfield's Lullaby", or by the lyrics of its second verse, "Day is Done" which will be played by a lone bugler The bugle is one of the simplest brass instruments, having no valves or other pitch-altering devices. All pitch control is done by varying the player's embouchure, since the bugle has no other mechanism for controlling pitch. Consequently, the bugle is limited to notes within the harmonic series. See bugle call for scores to standard bugle calls,, if available, or by audio recording Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical or mechanical inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a small microphone diaphragm that. Today, there are so few buglers available that the United States Armed Forces often cannot provide one.^[1] However, federal law allows Reserve The reserve components of the United States armed forces are military organizations whose members, generally perform a minimum of 39 days of military duty per year and who augment the active duty military when necessary. The reserve components are also referred to collectively as the Guard and Reserves and National Guard The National Guard of the United States is a reserve military force composed of state National Guard militia members or units under federally recognized active or inactive armed force service for the United States. The National Guard of the United States is a joint reserve component of the United States Army and the United States Air Force and units to assist with funeral honors duty when necessary.

Eligibility

A military chaplain A military chaplain is a chaplain who ministers to soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, coastguardsmen, and other members of the military. In many countries, including the United States, chaplains also minister to the family members of military personnel, and non combatants working for military organizations. Although the term, chaplain, originally seen leading honor guards derived from the United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for providing force projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. It is one of seven uniformed services of the United States. In the civilian leadership structure of the United States as they carry the casket of General Robert H. Barrow to the place of burial.

Generally, federal law allows for military funeral honors for all veterans who were discharged Discharge or separation should not be confused with retirement; career U.S. military members who retire are not separated or discharged; rather, they enter the retired reserve and may be subject to recall to active duty under circumstances "other than dishonorable Discharge or separation should not be confused with retirement; career U.S. military members who retire are not separated or discharged; rather, they enter the retired reserve and may be subject to recall to active duty." Funeral directors will require the veteran's DD Form 214 to establish eligibility.^[2]

Those who are eligible for military funerals and full honors in the United States include the following:^[3]

• Active duty In the Israel Defense Forces, there are two types of active duty: regular service , and active reserve duty (Hebrew: שרות מילואים פעיל‎ Sherut Milu'im Pa'il, abbr. Shamap). Regular service refers to either mandatory service (Hebrew: שרות חובה‎, Sherut Hova), according to the laws of Israel, or standing army service ( or Selected Reserve in the United States Armed Forces.
• Former active duty who departed under conditions other than dishonorable in the United States Armed Forces.
• Former enlisted servicemen or servicewomen who completed at least one term or period of initial obligated service in the Selected Reserve and departed under conditions other than dishonorable.
• Former servicemen or servicewomen who were discharged from the Selected Reserve due to a disability incurred or aggravated in the line of duty.

Components

A bugler sounds Taps Taps is a famous musical piece, sounded by the U.S. military during flag ceremonies and funerals, generally on bugle or trumpet. The tune is also sometimes known as "Butterfield's Lullaby", or by the lyrics of its second verse, "Day is Done" during the funeral of former United States Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger in Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia is a military cemetery in the United States of America, established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, formerly the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna Lee, a descendant of Martha Washington. The cemetery is situated.

Military funerals include some or all of the following components depending on the status of the deceased (active, retired, veteran, rank/occupation):

• A military chaplain A chaplain is typically a priest, pastor, ordained deacon, rabbi, imam, other member of the clergy, or another representative of a faith or belief, serving a group of people who are not organized as a mission or church, or who are unable to attend religious services for various reasons, such as health, confinement, or military or civil duties. Lay for family members.
• Honor guards An honor guard, or ceremonial guard, is a ceremonial unit, usually military in nature and composed of volunteers who are carefully screened for their physical ability and dexterity. Only those persons who are highly motivated and maintain exceptionally high standards of appearance and conduct and show aptitude for ceremonial duty are likely to be, who may either serve in a ceremonial role over the remains of the deceased or serve as pallbearers A pallbearer is one of several funeral participants who helps carry the casket of a deceased person from a religious or memorial service or viewing either directly to a cemetery or mausoleum, or to and from the hearse which does so.
• A casket occasionally transported via a horse-drawn limbers and caissons. However, many military funerals transport a casket using a hearse A hearse is a funeral vehicle, a conveyance for the coffin from e.g. a church to a cemetery, a similar burial site, or a crematorium. In the funeral trade, they are often called funeral coaches.
• A casket draped in the flag of the United States The national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) and as a pall.
• For funerals of sitting and former presidents as well as officers of O-6 Today, a colonel is usually a military title rated as the highest, or the second-highest, field rank below the general, or "flag", grades. In some small military forces, it can be the highest rank held rank and above, a caparisoned, riderless horse, symbolizing a fallen leader, will follow the limbers and caissons.
• A full honors military funeral will include an escort platoon and military band There are many military bands in the United States military. Some are assigned to specific military bases or units; there are also bands at each of the service academies, as traditionally observed during a state funeral A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honor heads of state or other important people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to.
• In special circumstances, fighter jets in missing man formation by the United States Air Force The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare, space warfare, and cyberwarfare branch of the U.S. armed forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch may perform an aerial flyover.
• The formation of a rifle party consisting of an odd number of service members, between 3 to 7, will fire a 3-volley salute.
• The playing of Taps Taps is a famous musical piece, sounded by the U.S. military during flag ceremonies and funerals, generally on bugle or trumpet. The tune is also sometimes known as "Butterfield's Lullaby", or by the lyrics of its second verse, "Day is Done" is performed by a lone bugler or an audio recording, at a distance 30 to 50 yards from the grave site while a “Final Salute” is given.

Flag folding and presentation

Sailors from the United States Navy The United States Navy is the sea branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. As of 31 December 2008, the U.S. Navy had about 331,682 personnel on active duty and 124,000 in the Navy Reserve. It operates 284 ships in active service and more than 3,700 aircraft. The U.S. Navy is the largest in fold the flag of the United States The national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) during a military funeral at Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia is a military cemetery in the United States of America, established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, formerly the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna Lee, a descendant of Martha Washington. The cemetery is situated for Captain Laurie Mosolino, a former United States Navy Medical Corps surgeon.

The flag of the United States The national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) draped over the casket is meticulously folded 13 times by a total of 6 honor guards, 3 on each side of the casket. The following information describes the symbolic meaning for each fold of the flag.^[4] It is important to note that the thirteen-fold procedure was a common practice long before the creation of a ceremonial assignation of "meaning" to each of the steps. Such symbolism has been mistakenly attributed to have an integral part in the origins of the thirteen-fold procedure. In truth, it evolved as a means of providing religious significance to the ceremony and its participants, and is often requested to be read alongside the folding of the flag at funerals.^[5]

• The first fold of the flag is a symbol of life.
• The second fold of the flag is a symbol of the people's belief in the eternal life.
• The third fold of the flag is made in honor and remembrance of the Veteran departing ranks who gave a portion of life for the defense of the country to attain peace throughout the world.
• The fourth fold of the flag represents the people's weaker nature. For as American citizens trusting in God, it is to Him the people turn to in times of peace as well as in times of war for His divine guidance.
• The fifth fold of the flag is a tribute to the country, for in the words of Stephen Decauter, “Our country, in dealing with the other countries, may she always be right, but it is still our country, right or wrong."
• The sixth fold of the flag is for where people's hearts lie. It is with hearts that people pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
• The seventh fold of the flag is a tribute to the Armed Forces, for it is through them that the people protect the country and flag against all enemies, whether they be found within or without the boundaries of the Republic.
• The eighth fold of the flag is a tribute to the one who entered into the valley of the shadow of death, that people might see the light of day, and to honor one's mother, for whom it flies on Mother’s Day.
• The ninth fold of the flag is a tribute to womanhood, for it has been through their faith, love, loyalty and devotion the character of the men and women who have made the country great molded.
• The tenth fold of the flag is a tribute to father, for he too, has given his sons and daughters for the defense of the country since he or she was first born.
• The eleventh fold of the flag, in the eyes of Hebrew citizens, represents the lower portion of the seal of King David and King Solomon and glorifies, in their eyes, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
• The twelfth fold of the flag, in the eyes of a Christian citizen, represents an emblem of eternity and glorifies, in their eyes, God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
• Upon the thirteenth and final fold of the flag, the stars are uppermost in remembrance of the United States' national motto, “In God We Trust.”

The flag of the United States The national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) is presented to the next-of-kin.

Thereafter, an honor guard representing one of the five branches of the United States Armed Forces The United States armed forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard will present the flag to the next-of-kin by kneeling in front of the recipient, holding the folded flag waist high with the straight edge facing the recipient, while leaning toward the recipient. Depending on the service of the selected honor guard chosen to present the flag to the next-of-kin, each of the five military branches uses slightly different wording.^[6]

An honor guard representing the United States Army The United States Army is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven uniformed services. The modern Army has its roots in the Continental Army which was formed on 14 June 1775, before the establishment of the would present the flag to the next-of-kin by saying:

“

As a representative of the United States Army, it is my high privilege to present you this flag. Let it be a symbol of the grateful appreciation this nation feels for the distinguished service rendered to our country and our flag by your loved one.

”

An honor guard representing the United States Navy The United States Navy is the sea branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. As of 31 December 2008, the U.S. Navy had about 331,682 personnel on active duty and 124,000 in the Navy Reserve. It operates 284 ships in active service and more than 3,700 aircraft. The U.S. Navy is the largest in would present the flag to the next-of-kin by saying:

“

On behalf of the President of the United States and the Chief of Naval Operations, please accept this flag as a symbol of our appreciation for your loved one's service to this Country and a grateful Navy.

”

An honor guard representing the United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for providing force projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. It is one of seven uniformed services of the United States. In the civilian leadership structure of the United States would present the flag to the next-of-kin by saying:

“

On behalf of the President of the United States, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and a grateful nation, please accept this flag as a symbol of our appreciation for your loved one's service to Country and Corps.

”

An honor guard representing the United States Air Force The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare, space warfare, and cyberwarfare branch of the U.S. armed forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch would present the flag to the next-of-kin by saying:^{[citation needed]}

“

On behalf of the President of the United States, the Department of the Air Force, and a grateful nation, this flag is offered in memory of the honorable and faithful service performed by your loved one.

”

An honor guard representing the United States Coast Guard The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of seven uniformed services. The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission (with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters) and a federal regulatory would present the flag to the next-of-kin by saying:

“

On behalf of the President of the United States, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, and a grateful nation, please accept this flag as a symbol of our appreciation for your loved one's service to Country and the Coast Guard.

”

Gallery

President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan pay their respects to 17 U.S. victims of the April 18, 1983 attack on the United States Embassy in Beirut.	Honor guards from the 1st Special Forces Group transports the flag-draped casket of Sergeant 1st Class Nathan R. Chapman just before midnight January 8, 2002 at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.	Honor guards from the United States Navy fold the flag covering the remains of NASA Astronaut and U.S. Navy Captain Laurel Blair Salton Clark, a member of the crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Clark perished with the rest of his crewmates during the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003.	The casket of Caspar Weinberger, 15th United States Secretary of Defense, in a ceremonial funeral procession enroute to its final resting place in Arlington National Cemetery on April 4, 2006.
A casket team from the 3d United States Infantry Regiment "The Old Guard" transports the remains of Retired Chief Warrant Officer Michael J. Novosel, Sr. during a ceremonial funeral procession at Arlington National Cemetery where he was laid to rest on April 13, 2006.	The Ceremonial Unit assigned to Naval Air Station Lemoore seen rendering full honors at a military funeral at San Joaquin National Cemetery in Gustine, California.	Ceremonial marching platoons enter the United States Naval Academy Cemetery as part of the ceremonial funeral procession for former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral William J. Crowe in 2007.	Honor guards carry Major Douglas A. Zembiec, former commander of E Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment from the United States Naval Academy Chapel in Annapolis, Maryland following a funeral service held in his honor.

Worldwide

A Canadian honor guard carries the remains of Pvt. Sebastien Courcy during a sundown ramp ceremony at Kandahar Air Field, Afghanistan, July 17, 2009.

• The British army carries reversed arms at military funerals.
• Canadian military funerals involve many rituals seen in other parts of the world. The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery use a 25-pounder gun and limber as the funeral vehicle.
  • Muffled drums accompany the graveside processional.
  • The deceased's headdress, insignia and medals are borne on a velvet cushion into the funeral service .
  • Volleys are fired over the grave when the body is interred.
• Countries in the Commonwealth duplicate the British military drill and ceremony. The Canadian funeral described above typifies the funerary service.
  • the bugle tune Last Post is played as the body is interred.
• In Germany, Ludwig Uhland's song "Ich hatt' einen Kameraden" is an integral part of a military funeral.
• After the 2006 Lebanon war, Hezbollah draped coffins containing their dead in Hezbollah flags with flowers on top. They were given a funeral according to Shiite Muslim traditions, then buried in their hometowns.
• In Indonesia, military funerals are generally given only military members or former guerrillas, Konfrontasi and Trikora Operation Soldiers, especially those holding the Bintang Gerilya (Star of the Guerrilla). Exceptional politicians and Ministers have the option for such a funeral, but most opt for a more intimate religious one.
  • Music is not performed as it is not part of Indonesian military tradition.
  • A 21-gun volley salute is the norm by seven soldiers- occasionally a mixture of armed forces dependent on their career^[7],
  • Honour drill team is platoon-size formation and larger the more illustrious the departed. A good example of an Indonesian military burial is that of the late president Suharto- (although obvious major differences exist)
• In Poland, the last fragment of Władysław Tarnowski's song „Śpij, kolego, w ciemnym grobie, Niech się Polska przyśni Tobie.”^[8][9][10] (eng. Sleep in a dark tomb, our mate, Dream of Poland in your state.) part of the song Jak to na wojence ładnie (eng. How nice it is in a little war^[11])^[12] is an integral part of a military funeral..
• In Spain, the formed troops sing "La muerte no es el final": Death is not the End.

Ramp ceremonies

The term "ramp ceremony" has, since about 2005 and during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, come to have a particular meaning - that of a solemn memorial ceremony for a coalition soldier killed in a war zone. The ceremony usually takes place at an airfield near or in a war zone, where an airplane is usually waiting nearby to take the soldier's remains to his or her home country.^[13] A ramp ceremony is not an actual funeral; the funeral is usually conducted in the deceased's home country.

References

1. ^ "What is Military Funeral Honors?". U.S. Department of Defense. http://www.militaryfuneralhonors.osd.mil/faqpage.html.
2. ^ "How do I establish veteran eligibility?". U.S. Department of Defense. http://www.militaryfuneralhonors.osd.mil/eligpage.html.
3. ^ "Who is eligible for Military Funeral Honors?". U.S. Department of Defense. http://www.militaryfuneralhonors.osd.mil/eligpage.html.
4. ^ "Military Funeral Customs". http://www.huachuca.army.mil/pages/garrison/directorates/DHR/CAC/docs/Military%20Funeral%20Honors%20Customs.pdf.
5. ^ "Symbolism of the thirteen-fold procedure". http://www.snopes.com/military/flagfold.asp.
6. ^ "Burial Flags". http://www.il.ngb.army.mil/Funeral/flag.htm.
7. ^ (example- a Minister of Transportation may have been a career Army soldier, became a bureaucrat and assisted the national aviation or maritime industry- thus the corresponding Force would send soldiers as gratitude)
8. ^ "Śpij, kolego (score)". Polish Army WEB. http://www.wojsko-polskie.pl/download/tmp/2009-12-11/fd20e7a68a696a973ecff32cd6791a0a06%20-%20śpij%20kolego.pdf. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
9. ^ "Śpij, kolego (mp3)". Polish Army WEB. http://www.wojsko-polskie.pl/mobjects/view/46752,13f+%C5%9Bpij+kolego.mp3.html. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
10. ^ Polish text "Jak to na wojence ładnie". http://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Jak_to_na_wojence_%C5%82adnie. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
11. ^ also translated as: How this on war nicely or Oh! What a lovely war
12. ^ "Jak to na wojence ładnie mp3". http://odsiebie.com/pokaz/2124148---618f.html. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
13. ^ Conrad, John D. (2009). What the thunder said: reflections of a Canadian officer in Kandahar. p. 162. ISBN 155488408X, 9781554884087. http://books.google.com/books?id=3VElVkyY0eIC&pg=PA162&dq=%22ramp+ceremony%22&hl=en&ei=qkY0TPHfNYj6sAPL0qzgBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22ramp%20ceremony%22&f=false. Retrieved 7 July 2010.

Further reading

• Mossman, B.C.; Stark, M.W. (1991). The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals 1921-1969. Department of the Army. CMH Pub 90-1. http://www.history.army.mil/books/Last_Salute/Index.htm.

Images and sounds

• Sample of "Taps" (.wav)

External links

• Military Funeral Customs - Arlington National Cemetery
• Military Funeral Honors Web site
• Burial & Memorial Benefits Web site
• Folding the American Flag

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